Numerical investigation of the fractional diffusion wave equation with exponential kernel via cubic B-Spline approach.

Splines are piecewise polynomials that are as smooth as they can be without forming a single polynomial. They are linked at specific points known as knots. Splines are useful for a variety of problems in numerical analysis and applied mathematics because they are simple to store and manipulate on a computer. These include, for example, numerical quadrature, function approximation, data fitting, etc. In this study, cubic B-spline (CBS) functions are used to numerically solve the time fractional diffusion wave equation (TFDWE) with Caputo-Fabrizio derivative. To discretize the spatial and temporal derivatives, CBS with θ-weighted scheme and the finite difference approach are utilized, respectively. Convergence analysis and stability of the presented method are analyzed. Some examples are used to validate the suggested scheme, and they show that it is feasible and fairly accurate.

A predictive modelling approach to illustrate factors correlating with stunting among children aged 12-23 months: a cluster randomised pre-post study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to construct a predictive model in order to develop an intervention study to reduce the prevalence of stunting among children aged 12-23 months. DESIGN: The study followed a cluster randomised pre-post design and measured the impacts on various indicators of livelihood, health and nutrition. The study was based on a large dataset collected from two cross-sectional studies (baseline and endline). SETTING: The study was conducted in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh under the Sylhet division, which is vulnerable to both natural disasters and poverty. The study specifically targeted children between the ages of 12 and 23 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Childhood stunting, defined as a length-for-age z-score <-2, was the outcome variable in this study. Logistic and probit regression models and a decision tree were constructed to predict the factors associated with childhood stunting. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: The baseline survey showed a prevalence of 52.7% stunting, while 50.0% were stunted at endline. Several factors were found to be associated with childhood stunting. The model's sensitivity was 61% and specificity was 56%, with a correctly classified rate of 59% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.615. CONCLUSION: The study found that childhood stunting in the study area was correlated with several factors, including maternal nutrition and education, food insecurity and hygiene practices. Despite efforts to address these factors, they remain largely unchanged. The study suggests that a more effective approach may be developed in future to target adolescent mothers, as maternal nutrition and education are age-dependent variables. Policy makers and programme planners need to consider incorporating both nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific activities and enhancing collaboration in their efforts to improve the health of vulnerable rural populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RIDIE-STUDY-ID-5d5678361809b.

The edge bending wave on a plate reinforced by a beam (L).

The edge bending wave on a thin isotropic semi-infinite plate reinforced by a beam is considered within the framework of the classical plate and beam theories. The boundary conditions at the plate edge incorporate both dynamic bending and twisting of the beam. A dispersion relation is derived along with its long-wave approximation. The effect of the problem parameters on the cutoffs of the wave in question is studied asymptotically. The obtained results are compared with calculations for the reinforcement in the form of a strip plate.

A case of severe perioperative hypoxia in uncorrected tetralogy of fallot: anesthetic management / Caso de hipoxia perioperatoria grave en tetralogía de Fallot no corregida: tratamiento anestésico

Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) is one of the most common congenital heart disease (CHD) in children. With the development of pediatric surgery and intensive care units, increasing number of grown-up CHD patients are presenting for non-cardiac surgeries. Non-operated TOF patients suffer from chronic hypoxia and decreased pulmonary blood flow resulting in considerable alteration in the physiology. The optimal management of these patients, therefore, require a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of the uncorrected TOF. We hereby report a case of successful management of a 10-year-old child with an uncorrected TOF posted for tibial external fixation device (AU)

La tetralogía de Fallot (TF) es una de las cardiopatías congénitas más habituales en niños. Con el desarrollo de la cirugía pediátrica y las unidades de cuidados intensivos cada vez se presentan más casos de pacientes adultos con cardiopatías congénitas para cirugías no cardíacas. Los pacientes con TF no operada padecen hipoxia crónica y un flujo sanguíneo pulmonar reducido, lo que supone una alteración considerable de la fisiología. El manejo óptimo de estos pacientes requiere, por tanto, un profundo conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la TF no corregida. El presente artículo expone el caso de tratamiento exitoso de un paciente de 10 años con TF no corregida intervenido con dispositivo de fijación externa tibial (AU)

Lactancia materna en bebés pretérminos; cuidados centrados en el desarrollo en el contexto palestino / Breast feeding in premature babies; development-centered care in Palestine

El contacto precoz piel a piel provee beneficios para la madre y para el bebé, además de tener un papel importante en el establecimiento de la lactancia materna. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue informar a las madres de bebés pretérmino sobre la importancia del contacto piel con piel para la implantación de la lactancia materna y para un mejor vínculo entre ellos (cuidados centrados en el desarrollo CCD). Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte, prospectivo, en varios Hospitales de Cisjordania en Palestina, en el período de tiempo comprendido entre 2008 y 2011. El universo lo constituyó una estimación de un promedio de 2.500 partos anuales en cada hospital. Se determinó una población muestral de n = 252. Todos los recién nacidos tenían una edad gestacional inferior a 37 semanas y un peso inferior a 2.500 gramos y, por problemas de salud, fueron ingresados en unidades de encamación neonatal. Resultados: Este estudio ha puesto de manifiesto que en Palestina las mujeres jóvenes practican el contacto piel con piel y la lactancia materna con mayor frecuencia que las mujeres mayores; una vez informada de sus ventajas, muestran mayor interés en aprender los cuidados de sus bebés en las propias unidades de encamación neonatal. Conclusiones: La aplicación del contacto piel a piel (CCD) y la lactancia en bebés pretérmino ha sido posible mediante información e instrucción a las madres. Este estudio ha tenido una gran repercusión y ha sido muy bien aceptado por la población femenina. No existían estudios similares en ningún hospital de Palestina (AU)

In addition to its important role in the initiation of breastfeeding, early skin-to-skin contact benefits both mothers and their babies. Objective: To inform all mothers of premature babies about the importance of skin-to-skin contact and breast-feeding in order to foment a closer bond between mother and child (development-centered care). Materials and method: A prospective cohort study was conducted in various hospitals on the West Bank in Palestine during 2008-2011. The universe was made up of an estimated average of 2,500 childbirths per year in each hospital. All of the subjects in the sample population of n = 252 babies had a gestational age of less than 37 GWs, and had weighed less than 2,500 grams at birth. For health reasons, they were hospitalized in neonatal care units. Results: The results obtained showed that in Palestine, young women tend to breastfeed their babies and have skin-to-skin contact with them more often than older mothers. Once the new mothers were informed of the advantages of these practices, they showed greater interest in learning how to care for their babies in the neonatal care units. Conclusions: Breastfeeding premature babies as well as having skin-to-skin contact with them was made possible by informing and teaching new mothers about the advantages of this type of infant care. This research has had widespread impact and has been very well received by the female population in the country. This is the first study of its kind to be carried out in Palestine (AU)

Career choices among medical students in Bangladesh.

INTRODUCTION: Information regarding career choices of medical students is important to plan human resources for health, design need-based educational programs, and ensure equitable and quality health care services in a country. AIM: The aim of the study is to identify career choices, nature of career, intended practice locations, and reasons for career choices of Bangladesh medical students. METHOD: First-, third-, and fifth-year students of Bangladesh Medical College and Uttara Adhunik Medical College completed a self-report questionnaire on career choices, nature of career, intended practice locations, and reasons for career choices. The students were requested to choose three long-term choices from the given specialties. RESULTS: A total of 132 students responded (46 males and 86 females) and response rate was 75%. The popular choices (first choice) among males and females were medical specialty, surgical specialty, obstetrics and gynecology, and general practice. For first, second, and third choices altogether, male students chose surgical specialties and female students preferred medical specialties. The leading reasons for selecting a specialty were personal interest and wide job opportunity. More than 67% of respondents wanted to join private services and about 90% chose major cities as practice locations. About 43% of respondents expressed willingness to practice medicine in Bangladesh, whereas 51% of total respondents wanted to practice abroad. DISCUSSION: Majority of students intended to specialize in established clinical specialties and subsequently practice in major cities, and more than half wanted to immigrate to other countries. Basic medical subjects and service-oriented (lifestyle-related) and preventive/social medical specialties were found to be less attractive. If this pattern continues, Bangladesh will suffer a chronic shortage of health personnel in certain specialties and in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Reorientation of health care and medical education is needed along with policy settings to attract doctors to the scarcity and high-priority disciplines so that imbalances encountered would be minimal in future.

Antioxidant levels in tissues of young and adult camels (Camelus dromedarius)

In this study, we measured the concentration of some antioxidant substances in erythrocytes hemolysate, liver, kidney and brain in young and adult camels. It has been found that the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentration of glutathione, ascrobic acid and á-tocopherol are high in both young and adult camels. GSH-Px and CAT activities were higher in adult camels than in the young and adult camels. no significant difference in the activity of SOD between young and adult camels was noticed. Glutathione was present in all tissues studied. Ascorbic acid was found to have significantly higher values in young camels. From this study it could be concluded that, as in other mammals, camel tissues contain a powerful antioxidant system. The liver has the highest contents of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes indicating that it plays an important role in pro-oxidants detoxification. Age has a variable effect on the antioxidant system in camels (AU)

En el trabajo se miden las concentraciones de algunas sustancias antioxidantes en eritrocitos, hígado, riñón y cerebro de camellos jóvenes y adultos. Se ha encontrado que la actividad de los enzimas antioxidantes glutation peroxidasa (GSH-Px), catalasa (CAT), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y la concentración de glutation, ácido ascórbico y alfa-tocoferol son elevadas tanto en los jóvenes como en los camellos adultos. La actividad glutation peroxidasa y catalasa es mayor en adultos que en jóvenes, mientras que no hay diferencias significativas en la superóxido dismutasa. El ácido ascórbico presentaba mayores valores en individuos jóvenes que en adultos. Los resultados permiten concluir que, como en otros mamíferos, los tejidos de camello presentan un poderoso sistema antioxidante. El hígado es el órgano que contiene may ores valores de sustancias y de actividad antioxidante, lo que indica su importancia en la detoxificación oxidativa (AU)

Quinine therapy in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy in Sudan

A prospective study was carried out in an area of unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan to determine the efficacy and toxicity of quinine in pregnancy. Thirty-three pregnant women with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria at mean 28.8 weeks gestational age were treated with quinine for 7 days. The mean body temperature on presentation for 3 patients who delivered prematurely was significantly higher than for those who delivered at term [39.2 +/- 0.7 degrees C versus 38.7 +/- 1.3 degrees C]. There were no significant difference between the 2 groups in other clinical or biochemical parameters. There were no clinically detectable congenital malformations and no auditory, visual or other neurological deficits in the babies at birth or 6 months later. Quinine may be safe in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria during pregnancy